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双臂抬到脸旁，身体大幅前倾，一台身高不到1.4米的机器人以一种近乎“捂脸狂奔”的姿态冲过终点。8月23日下午和晚间，第二届世界人形机器人运动会迎来多个田径项目的决赛。

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    Zhou Jiang speaks at an event. Photo: Courtesy of Zhou Jiang
Zhou Jiang, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, has a favorite book:  White Deer Tableland or Bai Lu Yuan by renowned writer Chen Zhongshi.
As vice president of the Regional Science Association of China (RSAC), Zhou told the Global Times that a lifetime of reading has profoundly shaped the way he sees and understands the world. It ultimately led him to a career in research and academia, where he teaches and pursues scholarly work.
Since earning his PhD in economics in 2000, he has devoted himself to the study of regional science and economics, a field that demands a constant crossing of disciplinary boundaries, drawing on the fields of geography, sociology, history, and ecology among others.
"Reading has kept alive my sense of curiosity and taught me to ask questions with patience and persistence: Where do disparities in regional development come from? How do policies affect different groups in society? And how can a region pursue both efficiency and equity so that development is not merely effective, but also imbued with a greater sense of humanity and warmth?" Zhou noted. 
Founded in 1991, RSAC is a national academic society dedicated to advancing domestic and international academic exchange and cooperation, providing consulting services on spatial planning, urbanization, and regional development, and offering intellectual support for China's modernization drive.
The 57-year-old researcher noted that reading has empowered him in two distinct ways.
"The first is discernment. When confronted with a complex issue, I try not to settle for a simple conclusion. Instead, I make an effort to understand its broader context, how it has unfolded, and the perspectives of the different people involved," he said. 
"The second is a sense of inner steadiness. Setbacks are an inevitable part of both life and work. Good books remind us that hardship is never ours alone to bear; countless people before us have faced circumstances more difficult than our own, made difficult choices, and found the strength to carry on. Reading cannot solve every problem for us, but it can help us remain calm when challenges arise, giving us the clarity and resilience that allow us not to panic or give up too easily," he said. 
Historical depth

Each time Zhou returns to the White Deer Tableland, he finds something different in its pages. 
"When I first read it as a young person, I was drawn primarily to the characters and the twists and turns of their lives. Later, as I began researching regional economics, I found myself paying closer attention to the changes in the land, the countryside, families and social order presented in the story. Now, approaching 60, I have come to appreciate more deeply the choices the characters make, the constraints they face, and the quiet perseverance they show amid the sweeping currents of their times," he said. 
White Deer Tableland uses Bai Lu village in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province as a microcosm, tracing the feuds and intertwined fortunes of three generations of the Bai (literally meaning white) and Lu families. Through their stories, it captures more than half a century of sweeping historical change, from the final years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the 1970s and 1980s. The novel won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's top literature awards, in 1997.
Zhou prefers literary works with historical depth and a keen eye for social change. 
Regional economics may appear to be concerned with the spatial distribution of industries, population and resources, but at its heart, it is about how people live on a particular piece of land, and why some places flourish while others decline, he noted. 
In this sense, literature and history are more than pastimes beyond professional research. They often help him understand the historical context, cultural traditions and social mentality that lie behind economic data, he said. 
When reading novels, Zhou said that he often pays close attention to the relationship between people and the places they inhabit: How the land shapes the local character, how transportation transforms a region, and how shifts in industry reshape families and villages. Such details may not offer a direct conclusion, but they broaden a researcher's perspective. They also serve as a reminder that research should look beyond growth rates and statistical indicators to consider the sense of fulfillment experienced by ordinary people and the dignity of human beings.
Understanding ourselves
Once, while tidying his study, he came across a book filled with notes he had scribbled in his early years. Among them was a question that particularly caught his attention: "In the face of sweeping changes in the times and profound social transformation, what can a person truly determine for himself?"
Looking at those words he had written in his youth was like coming face to face with the person he had been decades ago.
Reading is not simply the act of understanding a book; it is also a record of a person's own growth, he said. The same book can reveal something entirely different when read at different stages of life. 
When we are young, we turn to books in search of answers; but when we become seasoned, we read more to understand life, to understand others, and ultimately, to better understand ourselves, Zhou said. 
In this era of fragmented information, AI can help people access information quickly, organize materials, and gain a basic understanding of unfamiliar fields. Yet deep reading, Zhou said, allows people to see how a conclusion is reached — what evidence supports it, where its boundaries lie, and what alternative interpretations it may invite.
What truly shapes a person, after all, is not how much information they have browsed, but the words that have made them pause and reflect - and the words that have remained with them for many years, he added. 
。其中在400米小型组决赛中，天工机器人Omni以45.66秒夺冠。

C | 因为奔跑时身体前倾、双手靠近脸部，独特的“害羞式跑姿”成为赛场上的抢镜一幕。

D | 稍早结束的400米大型组决赛中，天工Ultra机器人率先冲线，以38.15秒夺冠。

E | 使用了荣耀闪电机器人的追风仔仔和惊鸿动力队分获二、三名。今晚进行的1500米决赛中，来自天工机器人的天卓队以2分21秒64的成绩夺得冠军。天工机器人一天包揽三金，荣耀机器人拿到多个奖牌，去年在田径项目表现出色的宇树机器人暂未在田径项目斩获奖牌。

F | 今天多个项目的田径决赛，人形机器人的成绩多次超越人类运动员纪录。但它们考验的不是同一种能力——如果说400米还在追问自主完赛的机器人“能跑多快”，到了1500米，问题已经变成：一台机器人能不能在持续高速运动中控制节奏、处理弯道和散热，并把稳定的跑姿一直保持到终点。

G | 一年时间从88秒跑进40秒今年机器人400米最直观的变化是速度。

H | 去年首届世界人形机器人运动会400米决赛中，高羿科技使用宇树H1机器人以1分28秒03夺冠，北京人形机器人创新中心使用天工Ultra参赛的两支队伍获得亚军和季军。

I | 一年之后，今年400米大型组冠军成绩已经达到38.15秒。与去年的冠军成绩相比缩短了近50秒。而且机器人还在不断刷新自己的成绩。此前预赛中，天工队以39.70秒获得小组第一，到了决赛又将成绩提高到38.15秒。这种提速并不只是让机器人的腿迈得更快。北京人形机器人创新中心相关人士对第一财经记者表示，相比去年，今年天工Ultra在关节电机、构型和散热等方面均进行了升级。更大功率的关键电机提高运动能力和爆发力，同时采用轻量化和破风设计，以减少高速奔跑时的阻力。算法也开始针对不同距离“专项训练”。北京人形机器人创新中心运动控制算法专家韩刚告诉记者，100米、400米和1500米对机器人提出的要求并不一样。“100米要求加速快，400米和1500米要求弯道快。”尤其到了400米，机器人不只需要在直道上加速，还要高速过弯。如何调整重心、保持身体稳定，同时控制关节温度，都会影响最终成绩。今年田径比赛的另一个变化是人类操作员“消失”了。去年田径比赛中，记者在现场有不少人类操作员跟着机器人一起奔跑，还出现了机器人在奔跑中把人类撞倒的情况。但今年除了100米障碍赛和400米障碍赛外，其余项目都需要机器人全自主完成。也就是起跑由操作人员向机器人下达一次指令，起跑后全程由机器人自主完成比赛（自主决策、自主跑动）。天工机器人技术人员介绍，去年机器人主要采用巡线方式，也就是通过识别跑道线完成比赛；今年则升级为通过定位建图进行自主导航，不再需要一直“盯着”赛道线，也能够在赛道内高速奔跑。从外部看，这种技术变化远没有38.15秒的成绩那么醒目，但对于机器人未来真正进入现实环境可能更加重要。

J | 现实中的巡检、物流和抢险救灾场景不会永远提供一条清晰的白线，机器人需要一边高速移动，一边判断自己在哪里、应该往哪里走。小型组冠军的“害羞式跑姿”，其实同样是机器人为了追求速度形成的结果。

K | 韩刚介绍，这台机器人强在腰和腿，在奔跑过程中会主动将身体不断向前压，降低重心，保持较高步频的同时进一步增加步幅。

L | 重心越低，能够迈出的步幅越大，因此最终形成了身体明显前倾、双手靠近脸部的夸张姿态。看起来像“害羞”，实际上想的只有一件事：跑得更快。

M | 机器人面对体力考验从400米到1500米，比赛距离的增加实际上在不断延长机器人的“压力测试”时间。在今晚的1500米决赛现场，记者看到有多支机器人参赛队伍未完成比赛。去年灵翌科技（宇树科技子公司）以6分34秒的成绩夺得1500米跑冠军，今年冠军成绩大幅压缩到3分钟内，前三名均超过人类纪录。

N | 但宇树今年未获奖牌。据记者了解，未来几天宇树机器人还将出现在跳远、原地跳高、400米障碍、自选拳术等比赛中。人类运动员长跑会遇到体能下降，人形机器人也有自己的“疲劳”方式——关节和电机发热。

o | 随着持续高速运动，机器人关节和电机温度会上升，硬件状态随之发生变化，原本训练好的动作也可能出现偏差。通常步幅越小，步态调整越灵活；步幅越大，机器人转向控制难度越大。韩刚举例称，一台机器人第一圈跑下来时，可能还能保持标准的过弯姿态，身体倾斜到较大角度而不摔倒；但跑到三四圈之后，随着关节持续发热，还能不能保持相同的稳定性，就需要控制算法与硬件共同配合。和人类长跑相似，机器人的长跑也不能只想着一直跑到最快。

p | “你又希望它快，然后你又不希望它跑的地方过热。”韩刚说，这就意味着在比赛策略上需要进行折中。参赛的荣耀赛队也给出了类似判断，将不同距离的技术要求概括为“100米看极限爆发，400米兼顾速度与散热，1500米还要处理节奏、弯道和耐久”。其参赛机器人同样针对高负荷运动进行了散热和关节系统设计。这也是1500米比赛比单纯刷新速度更值得关注的地方。一台机器人跑得快，可以依赖高功率电机、关节和运动控制算法；但如果要高速跑完1500米，就需要电池、电机、关节、散热、导航和控制系统长时间协同工作。任何一个环节出现问题，都可能在几圈之后被放大。跑道只是测试场。一位在运动会现场观看了比赛的投资人对第一财经记者表示，竞速比赛一方面是在不断提高机器人运动能力的上限，另一方面也把硬件可靠性推向极限。这些能力未来并不是为了让机器人留在跑道上，而可能迁移到长距离巡检、物流以及复杂环境抢险救灾等需要高强度移动的场景。

q | 她同时对记者表示，运动会展现了机器人的实力，但又不代表机器人的全部实力，通常那些专门为运动会做足准备的机器人表现会更好。田径比赛还没有结束。下周进行的100米决赛，将把机器人的考验从耐力重新拉回极限速度和爆发力。

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